Kafka was trying to say that Gregory's life had been turned into a tortured death spiral racing toward oblivion before he was transformed into an insect. He spent little time with his family, had not any romantic interest, was mistreated at work, and had no hobby to keep him entertained. Kafka is saying that he might as well be a bug, than live a meaningless, painful life.
Kafka probably chose the roach as the insect because a roach is essentially bottom of the food chain. Other classic examples, such as the frog, at least prey on some kind of responsive being, but a roach eats rotten food. A roach's life is also completely different from a human's, so Gregory undergoes many mental changes as well as physical changes.
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